Transitional justice addresses human rights violations after conflicts through:

1. Criminal accountability (trials)
2. Truth-seeking (investigative commissions)
3. Reparations (compensation for victims)
4. Institutional reform (restructuring state institutions)
5. Guarantees of non-repetition (legal and systemic reforms)

Why It Matters for Syria:

• Addresses violations post-2011 (killings, torture, forced displacement).
• Achieves reconciliation without impunity.

Global Models:

• South Africa: Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
• Argentina: Trials of military officials + reparations for victims.
• Morocco: Equity and Reconciliation Commission.

Challenges in Syria:

• Lack of political will.
• Difficulty forming neutral bodies.
• Risk of being misused as a cover for impunity.

Transitional justice could be the foundation for a new Syria and a guarantee for victims’ rights.