Security Sector Reform in Post-Conflict Stages

Objectives:

• Restructuring security apparatuses to ensure neutrality and professionalism.
• Training personnel on human rights and community policing.
• Establishing judicial and parliamentary oversight mechanisms for accountability.
• Separating security institutions from political influence and aligning them with the constitution.

Reform vs. Radical Change?

• Reform is suitable for structures capable of rehabilitation.
• Dismantling and rebuilding is necessary if the institution:
  • Is involved in crimes against humanity.
  • Is politicized or irreparably corrupt.
  • Example: Post-Nazi Germany.

The Case of Syria as a Model:

• Dominance of security agencies (e.g., Air Force Intelligence) with total impunity.
• Persistent rejection of reform despite international pressure.

Requirements for Genuine Reform:

• Fair trials for perpetrators.
• National reconciliation with victims.
• Redefining the role of security institutions to serve the people.

Conclusion:

In cases of structural corruption (like Syria), reform may be insufficient. Dismantling the security system and rebuilding it is essential to ensure a democratic transition.